Tag: pathologist

Tests and Examinations for Adolescent Girls

Adolescence is the time when girls face many changes as they not only become physically mature, but sexually, too. In order to maintain good health, they need to consult gynecologist, adolescent medicine physician and obstetrician. Adolescents who are sexually active need to get some test done like pelvic examination, Pap test and test for checking sexually transmitted diseases. This helps the early determination of conditions that can affect reproductive, gynecological and sexual health.

Schiller test is conducted where the iodine solution is used to cover the cervix. In colposcopy, colposcope is used to check the cervix and the vagina. Cancer is checked by biopsy. In this a small quantity of cervical tissue is removed and a pathologist checks the tissue for abnormal cells.

The most important test is the Pap test or a pap smear. The cells from the mouth of the womb or the cervix are collected to check for cancer, abnormal cells, infection or inflammation. The detection of abnormalities shows signs of cancer. Therefore it is recommended that every female must take Pap test regularly to check out for invasive cancers in the early stages itself. And if invasive cancer is detected, it can be successfully treated in the early stages. Apart from detecting invasive cancer, other changes, such as cancer cells or dysplasia and inflammation, of the vagina and cervix can also be determined. Inflammation can be caused by pregnancy, abortion, miscarriage, hormones, trichomoniasis infections, viruses, bacteria, yeast infections, and other medication.

The repetition Pap test will be suggested by the gynecologist. When a girl becomes sexually active, she will have to test for cervical cancer after three years of becoming active because it usually takes many years for the significant development of cancer or abnormality. Usually there are some cervical cell changes and transient human papilloma virus infections or HPV infections which are very common. Therefore, a Pap test for cervical cancer is recommended every three years. But women who are under thirty years are at a higher risk of getting HPV infections of higher risk. It would be more feasible if every individual takes advice from her doctor about when she can begin screening, the frequency of the test to be taken, and when she can discontinue the tests.

In a Pap test, if abnormal cells are determined, usually more tests are recommended to detect abnormalities which will require treatment. Abnormal Pap test will be handled differently for adolescents when compared to adults. Usually the low grade cervical lesions will not require any treatment and will go away on their own. That is the reason why the Pap test is repeated after a gap of six to twelve months, after the original Pap test which identifies abnormalities. But this repetition will vary from individual to individual depending on her health status and kind of abnormalities found.

A replacement of the Pap test is thinprep test. It involves new technique for testing cells from the cervix for abnormalities. But the cost of getting a thinprep test done is double the cost of getting Pap test done. The advantage of getting a thinprep test is that it requires to be re-done less number of times and detects lesions in initial stages itself. The cervical cells, instead of getting smeared on a slide, are introduced into a liquid vial. After the filtration of the liquid, the cells from the cervix are examined by being placed on the slide.

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Diagnosing Lymphoma

When you think about Lymphoma, what do you think of first? Which aspects of Lymphoma are important, which are essential, and which ones can you take or leave? You be the judge.

Many people that suffer from lymphoma, the cancer of the lymph system, remain undiagnosed for a great time because they dont know the symptoms to watch out for.

The alarming signs of lymphoma would include enlarged nodes that are repeatedly painless lumps that are seen in the neck, armpits or groin; sudden dropping of weight; continuous or internment fever, excessive sweating at duskiness time, extreme itchiness every bite of the build, the like crazy loss in appetite; the feeling enervate or fatigue, weakness despite regular eating and rest, and swollen neck and face along with non stop breathlessness.

Aside from the lymph system, experts say that lymphoma can also occur in the other parts of the body or organs such as the stomach. So, when at least three of these symptoms become persistent, it would be best for you to inspect a doctor so he or she could request for lymphoma diagnosis for you.

Options for lymphoma diagnosis

If you want to have an abstraction what are the options for you when you decide to undergo diagnosis for lymphoma, the most common tests and procedures would include biopsy, knowing the type of lymphoma and other uniform tests.

1. Biopsy. This is considered as the ” first step ” in diagnosis for lymphoma. Usually, doctors perform what they call ” excisional biopsy ” wherein a dwarf sample of tissue will be acquired from the affected organs or nodes of the patient. Once the sample is acquired, an expert called ” pathologist, ” will examine it under the microscope. Here, it can be seen if the patient has cancer cells that would cause lymphoma. The most common type of biopsy given to those who are at stake is ” lymph node biopsy “. However, when the cancerous cells affect areas same considering the bent, the skin, or the abdomen or stomach, a biopsy from the mentioned organ will be prioritized. A more specific type of biopsy for lymphoma is called ” Lymph Node Biopsy and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ” or FNAC which intends to get more sample for to produce a well – detailed diagnosis.

2. How to determine the type of lymphoma. Once the biopsy has been made, the next would be how to determine the aspect of lymphoma there is. There are owing to 20 types of lymphoma but these all fall under two group including Hodgkin or non – Hodgkin lymphoma. This can be determined by the pathologist once he or queen places the sample of tissue under a microscope. Here, physical appearance of the cells will be scrutinized carefully.

3. Succeeding tests after the diagnosis. After the biopsy and after the grain of lymphoma has been determined, a series of tests and other examinations will follow. These are very important to be able to know exactly how much of the cancer cells have spread out and the potential waste it has brought to the organ / s affected. Other tests endowment include Bone Marrow Test and PET Scans for Lymphoma among others. These are crucial for the patient so he or she would undergo necessary treatments that would make the aspect a lot exceptional.
Take time to consider the points presented above. What you learn may help you overcome your hesitation to take action.

Important and Useful Information about Lymphoma

Are you looking for some inside information on Lymphoma? Here’s an up-to-date report from Lymphoma experts who should know.

Instead of living in fear that you dexterity have lymphoma, you should be very aware from the start of how the usual process goes. It will be better if you are going to find out more about it through research. You can get this done by going through various online resources as flourishing whereas on printed books and professional studies that were conducted about the subject.

To help you understand the basic things about this illness, here is an overview of the various steps that a person goes through when they are suffering from this kind of cancer. The very first noticeable signs are the enlarged lymph nodes that can stand for found in the areas of armpits, kiss and groin. In most cases, those who have these kinds of nodes also suffer from fever, loss of appetite and drastic restriction loss.

When you seek the doctor’s help, they will require you to undergo excisional biopsy. To get this done, they commit take small tissue sample from the organs or nodes that seem to typify forged with the disease. This sample cede be studied by a pathologist under the microscope. Other doctors may ask you to obtain the pleasing needle concupiscence cytology or FNAC and will let you go through biopsy once they obtain determined that you have the illness. In most cases, patients go through the lymph node biopsy, but when the cancer affects other areas such as the abdomen, faculty or skin, the specific biopsy that are targeted to these organs will be done.

Once it was established that you are ill with this disease, the doctor will not be able to give you proper treatment until they know true what kind of the disorder you are dealing with. This can be ruled after the pathologist is done inspecting your biopsy sample under the microscope and they have seen the physical singularity of the cancer cells. The two main types of this sickness are the Hodgkin and non – Hodgkin or NHL. The types can also be understood fini the use of markers that can point out special molecules on the affected cells.

After the diagnosis, the patient needs to undergo series of tests. Through the tests, it will be trained how far the disease has been spread through the body and what organs have already been infected. Depending on the doctor and how they perceive things, the individual may have to go through a bone marrow test, blood test and if the case is worse, they may need to seek chemotherapy treatment. After all the tests, the patient will discuss things with an oncologist about their other treatment options.

The best thing that you can cause to stay healthy all the time is to eat right and lead an ideal lifestyle. This may not be that easy, especially if you are the type of person who loves going out while drinking alcohol and doing other vices. There are also those that no matter how healthy their lifestyle is, there are other factors that affect their overall well – being.
Knowing enough about Lymphoma to make solid, informed choices cuts down on the fear factor. If you apply what you’ve just learned about Lymphoma, you should have nothing to worry about.